China’s intellectuals employed subtle and indirect ways to criticize Chairman Mao. Carefully disguised works of political criticism, parody, and satire appeared in the Chinese mass media in various forms. […]
Chairman Mao’s absolutist views led to attacks on writers, artists, and philosophers. He turned his wrath upon China’s educational system as well, and severely criticized the “erroneous methods” being used to educate China’s children. […]
‘Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong’ was a collection of Mao’s pithiest precepts, aphorisms, and homilies collated by Lin Biao. It was meant to revive Mao’s personality cult among the army and China’s young population. […]
When the state electors met on February 4, 1789, all of them cast their first ballot for Washington—a total of 69 votes; Adams was “duly elected Vice President”. […]
James Madison and his fellow Federalists had obtained the most important of the state ratifications, and only at the price of pledging themselves to add a bill of rights. […]
The Constitution’s decaying momentum set an unhappy stage for what everyone understood would be the ultimate test of the Constitution in Virginia. […]
Three elements were working in the Constitution’s favor as it prepared to make its long and dangerous passage of the state ratifying conventions. […]
The Ciompi Revolt began in the city of Florence with the Ciompi, the wool workers, demanding better representation among the civic officials. […]
Politically, there was chaos in Europe as most of the people who ran the administration were dead or had fled, and in the vacuum that was created, everyone else pretty much ran wild. […]
Serfdom went into decline from 1381. Many landowners were willing to take payment from their serfs and in exchange grant them their freedom. […]
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