Thomas Jefferson’s election to the presidency in 1800 would lead to a dramatic shift in U.S. foreign policy, and his ideas regarding landed expansion and its relationship to liberty would dominate domestic policy for more than a century. […]
In 1931, Spain had become a democracy, the Second Republic, when King Alfonso had gone into exile. The government enacted legislation to reduce the power […]
Since the advent of colonialism in the late 15th century, Native Americans repeatedly faced what seemed like impossible odds, and all through this history non-Native […]
For a very long time, non-Indians wrote as though Native American history began in 1492—set in motion, of course, by the so-called discovery of the New World. Let’s examine both the consequences of that narrative and the creation of new narratives that challenge it. […]
During the first phase of the Hundred Years War, the kings of France and England tended to hire lots of mercenaries who were paid by campaign. When there was no fighting, the pay stopped. This caused serious societal difficulties because one of the last things you want is a lot of unemployed armed individuals. […]
One of the most spectacular and widely publicized archaeological discoveries in Mesopotamia was the cemetery at Ur, excavated in the late 1920s. Ur had been known for many years because of the large ziggurat mound that dominated the site. Visitors to the region had described the site in the 17th century A.D. […]
Historians have often underestimated Queen Anne because she was quiet and plain. In fact, her strong common sense and identification with the hopes and fears of her people would make her the most successful of the Stuarts. […]
The historical accounts of the rise of the Inka from total obscurity to imperial fame is the definition of a rags-to-riches story. Their achievements in economy, government and architecture continue to resonate to this day. […]
The Japanese model of development has transformed not only its own economy but also that of the entire region, both through example and through its economic relationships. The transformation began in the 1960s, when Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea embarked on a Japanese-style development model. […]
“Fighting in a battle, he should not kill his enemies with weapons that are concealed, barbed, or smeared with poison.” So say the Laws of Manu, an ancient Brahmin text on moral conduct. […]
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